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J. L. AUSTIN HOW TO DO THINGS WITH WORDS The William James Lectures delivered at Harvard University OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1962 Oxford University Press, Amen House, London, E .C .q GLASGOW NEW YO= TORONTO MELBOUEtVE IVU,LINC'TOL"4 BOMBAY CALCUTTA MADRAS KARACHI WORE DACCA CAPE TOWN SALISBURY NAIROBI IBADAN ACCRA KUAU LWUR HONG KONG 0 Oxford University Press 1962 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN EDITOR'S PREFACE as the William James Lectures at Harvard Univer- sity in 1955. In a short note, Austin says of the views which underlie these lectures that they 'were formed in 1939. I made use of them in an article on "Other Minds" published in the Proceedings ofthe Aristo- telian Society, Supplementary Volume XX (Ig46), pages 173 K, and I surfaced rather more of this iceberg shortly afterwards to several societies. . ' In each of the years 1952-4 Austin delivered lectures at Oxford under the title 'Words and Deeds', each year from a partially re- written set of notes, each of which covers approximately the same ground as the William James Lectures. For the William James Lectures a new set of notes was again prepared, though sheets of older notes were incorporated here and there; these remain the most recent notes by Austin on the topics covered, though he continued to lecture on 'Words and Deeds' at Oxford from these notes, and while doing so made minor corrections and a number of marginal additions. The content of these lectures is here reproduced in as exactly as possible and with the lightest editing. If Austin had published them himself he would certainly have recast them in a form more appropriate to print; he would surely have reduced the recapitulations of previous T HE lectures here printed were delivered by Austin Editor's Preface lectures which occur at the beginning of the second and subsequent lectures; it is equally certain that Austin as a matter of course elaborated on the bare text of his notes when lecturing. But most readers will prefer to have a close approximation to what he is known to have written down rather than what it might be judged that he would have printed or thought that he probably said in lectures; they will not therefore begrudge the price to be paid in minor imperfections of furm and style and incon- sistencies of vocabulary. But these lectures as printed do not exactly reproduce Austin's written notes. The reason for this is that while for the most part, and particularly in the earlier part of each lecture, the notes were very full and written as sentences, with only minor omissions such as particles and articles, often at the end of the lecture they became much more fragmentary, while the marginal additions were often very abbreviated. At these points the notes were interpreted and supplemented in the light of re- maining portions of the 1952-4 notes already mentioned. A further check was then possible by comparison with notes taken both in America and in England by those who attended the lectures, with the B.B.C. lecture on 'Performative Utterances' and a tape-recording of a lecture entitled 'Performatives' delivered at Gothenberg in October 1959. More thorough indications of the use of these aids are given in an appendix. While it seems possible that in this process of interpretation an occasional sentence may have crept into the text which Austin Editor's Preface vii would have repudiated, it seems very unlikely that at any point the main lines of Austin's thought have been misrepresented. The editor is grateful to all those who gave assistance by the loan of their notes, and for the gift of the tape- recording. Heis especially indebted to Mr. G. J.Warnock, who went through the whole text most thoroughly and saved the editor from numerous mistakes; as a result of this aid the reader has a much improved text. J. 0. URMSON [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ] |
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